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Basics
2.4.2
Forward Converter
Primary switched-mode power supply units with an output power of greater than 200 W
used to be designed with forward converters. Today, flyback converters may be used for
an output power of up to 1000 W. Therefore, forward converters are more and more being
replaced by space-saving and reliable flyback converters, also for higher performance
ranges. The following section explains the circuit principle of forward converters.
The major difference between a flyback converter and a forward converter is that in the
forward converter the energy transport from the primary to the secondary circuit is carried
out with the switch closed. The forward converter owes its name to this principle.
The design of the forward converter is more complicated than the design of the flyback
converter. The transformer requires an additional primary winding and the output circuit
additional diodes and an inductance. This makes forward converters larger in size and
heavier than flyback converters.
Method of Operation
Figure 2-16 shows the simplified structure of a forward converter.
The power switch S1 is switched on and off by means of a controller with the control
voltage U ctrl . The value of the output voltage U out depends on the pulse duty factor of
switch S1. The value of the output voltage U out is continuously measured and transmitted
to the controller. In this way, a stabilized output voltage U out is generated.
Energy transport in the forward converter is carried out in two steps. For easier
understanding, the procedures are illustrated in two different graphics.
Figure 2-16 shows the circuit with switch S1 closed. During this operating cycle energy is
taken from the supplying network and transformed into the output circuit.
Figure 2-17 shows the circuit with the switch opened. In this operating cycle no energy is
transformed into the secondary circuit. Storage inductance L1 avoids interruptions of the
energy flow in the secondary circuit.
The corresponding characteristic curves of the voltage and current are shown in
Figure 2-18.
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